Perl/Tutorial/Tk - Historique des versions

Didier : /* Canvas */

2013-04-16T09:37:08Z

Canvas

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:37
Ligne 874 :		Ligne 874 :

	The command <tt>$widget -> create <type> <options></tt> is used to make different structures. A few examples are given below. For more information read the manual.		The command <tt>$widget -> create <type> <options></tt> is used to make different structures. A few examples are given below. For more information read the manual.

	Example		Example
	<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">		<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">

Didier : /* Optionmenu */

2013-04-16T09:36:32Z

Optionmenu

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:36
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	Syntax		Syntax
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
	my $widget = $mw -> Optionmenu(?option=>value,option=>value,...?);		my $widget = $mw -> Optionmenu(?option=>value,option=>value,...?);
			</syntaxhighlight>

	some Options		some Options
	~~Syntax Description~~
	* '''<nowiki>-options=>OPTIONS</nowiki>''': (Re)sets the list of options presented.		* '''<nowiki>-options=>OPTIONS</nowiki>''': (Re)sets the list of options presented.
	* '''<nowiki>-command=>CALLBACK</nowiki>''': Defines the callback that is invokes when a new option is selected.		* '''<nowiki>-command=>CALLBACK</nowiki>''': Defines the callback that is invokes when a new option is selected.

Didier : /* Menubutton */

2013-04-16T09:35:49Z

Menubutton

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:35
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	A menubutton is a widget that displays a textual string, bitmap, or image and is associated with a menu widget.In normal usage, pressing left-clicking the menubutton causes the associated menu to be posted just underneath the menubutton.		A menubutton is a widget that displays a textual string, bitmap, or image and is associated with a menu widget.In normal usage, pressing left-clicking the menubutton causes the associated menu to be posted just underneath the menubutton.

	Some Options		Some Options
	* '''<nowiki>-direction => DIRECTION</nowiki>''': Specifies where the menu is going to be popup up. above tries to pop the menu above the menubutton. below tries to pop the menu below the menubutton. left tries to pop the menu to the left of the menubutton. right tries to pop the menu to the right of the menu button. flush pops the menu directly over the menubutton.		* '''<nowiki>-direction => DIRECTION</nowiki>''': Specifies where the menu is going to be popup up. above tries to pop the menu above the menubutton. below tries to pop the menu below the menubutton. left tries to pop the menu to the left of the menubutton. right tries to pop the menu to the right of the menu button. flush pops the menu directly over the menubutton.

Didier : /* Listbox */

2013-04-16T09:35:11Z

Listbox

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:35
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	A listbox is a widget that displays a list of strings, one per line. When first created, a new listbox has no elements. Elements may be added or deleted using widget commands described below.		A listbox is a widget that displays a list of strings, one per line. When first created, a new listbox has no elements. Elements may be added or deleted using widget commands described below.

	Some Options		Some Options
	* '''<nowiki>-selectmode => MODE</nowiki>''': Specifies one of several styles for manipulating the selection. The MODE may be arbitrary, but the default bindings expect it to be either single, browse, multiple, or extended; the default value is browse.		* '''<nowiki>-selectmode => MODE</nowiki>''': Specifies one of several styles for manipulating the selection. The MODE may be arbitrary, but the default bindings expect it to be either single, browse, multiple, or extended; the default value is browse.

Didier : /* Some Tk Commands */

2013-04-16T09:32:59Z

Some Tk Commands

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:32
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	== Some Tk Commands ==		== Some Tk Commands ==

			=== bind ===

			The bind command associates Perl code with events. If you want to do something when the user double-clicks a item in a listbox or when he/she press any button(say F1), bind is what you need. Lets bind something in the next example.

			Syntax:
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			$widget -> bind(<sequence>, Callback);
			</syntaxhighlight>
			<nowiki><sequence></nowiki> stands for the sequence of button/mouse presses. It should be given in the following pattern... <nowiki><modifier-modifier-type-detail></nowiki>.

			For example <nowiki><Control-Alt-Key-t></nowiki> - <nowiki>Control+Alt+T</nowiki>.
			Control and Alt are the modifiers and Key is the type with t as the detail. See the next example and you will understand.

			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			#!/usr/local/bin/perl
			use Tk;
			# Main Window
			my $mw = new MainWindow;

			my $lab = $mw -> Label(-text=> " The Bind command ",
			-font=>"ansi 12 bold") -> pack;
			my $lst = $mw -> Listbox() -> pack;
			$lst -> insert('end',"Don't double-click this.");
			$lst -> insert('end',"Don't double-click this either.");
			$lst -> insert('end',"Don't even think of double-clicking this.");
			$lst -> insert('end',"You may double-click this.");
			$lst -> insert('end',"No. Negative. Nay. Nope. Get the message?");
			#Bind the double click event to the list box
			$lst -> bind ('<Double-ButtonPress-1>', sub { double() });

			my $all_keys = $mw -> Label(-justify=>"left",
			-text=>"Press any of the following...
			Control+A
			Control+Shift+A
			Control+Alt+T
			Right click
			Control+Escape") -> pack;

			#Exit when the escape key is pressed
			$mw -> bind('<Key-Escape>', sub { exit });
			#Shows a helping dialog box when F1 is pressed
			$mw -> bind('<Key-F1>',sub { help(); });
			#Binds misc keys.
			$mw -> bind('<Control-Key-a>', sub {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message=>"You pressed Control+A, did'nt you?")
			});#Control+A
			$mw -> bind('<Control-Key-A>', sub {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message => "Control+Shift+A, right?");
			});#Control+Shift+A
			$mw -> bind('<Control-Alt-Key-t>', sub {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message => "Control, Alt and T");
			});#Control+Alt+T
			$mw -> bind('<ButtonPress-3>', sub {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message => "The right way to click.");
			});#Right click
			$mw -> bind('<Control-Key-Escape>', sub {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message => "You must be a married man.
			What you pressed remindes married men of what they never will have
			- Control or Escape.");
			});#Control+Escape

			MainLoop;

			#The helping function
			sub help {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message=>"Did you ask of help?
			You ain't getting any.
			Ha Ha Ha!");
			}

			#This happens at double-click
			sub double {
			$mw -> messageBox(-message=>"You double clicked something.
			This script is simple - so it won't display what you clicked on.
			But if you want a sript that is able to do that,
			write to me at binnyva, gmail
			and I will send you a better script.");
			}
			</syntaxhighlight>

Didier : /* Geometry Management : Grid, Pack */

2013-04-16T09:27:46Z

Geometry Management : Grid, Pack

Voir les modifications

Didier : /* chooseColor */

2013-04-16T09:18:16Z

chooseColor

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:18
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	chooseColor pops up a dialog box for the user to select a color.		chooseColor pops up a dialog box for the user to select a color.

	Some Options		Some Options
	* '''<nowiki>-initialcolor>COLOUR</nowiki>''': Specifies the color to display in the color dialog when it pops up.		* '''<nowiki>-initialcolor>COLOUR</nowiki>''': Specifies the color to display in the color dialog when it pops up.

Didier : /* chooseColor */

2013-04-16T09:17:47Z

chooseColor

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:17
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	Some Options		Some Options
	* '''<nowiki>-initialcolor>COLOUR</nowiki>''': Specifies the color to display in the color dialog when it pops up.		* '''<nowiki>-initialcolor>COLOUR</nowiki>''': Specifies the color to display in the color dialog when it pops up.


	=== getOpenFile ===		=== getOpenFile ===

Didier : /* dialogs */

2013-04-16T09:16:48Z

dialogs

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:16
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	As you can see, the Scrolled widget saves quite a bit of typing.		As you can see, the Scrolled widget saves quite a bit of typing.

	=== dialogs ===		== dialogs ==
			Dialogs can be called the elements in a program that detaches itself from the main window. This is a VERY general definition and has many problems. But for the moment, it will do. Tk provides many dialogs.

			=== messageBox ===

			This procedure creates and displays a message window with an application-specified message, an icon and a set of buttons. Each of the buttons in the message window is identified by a unique symbolic name (see the -type options). After the message window is popped up, messageBox waits for the user to select one of the buttons. Push the below button to see an example of messageBox

			Some Options
			* '''<nowiki>-default=>name</nowiki>''': Name gives the symbolic name of the default button for this message window ('ok', 'cancel', and so on). See -type for a list of the symbolic names. If this option is not specified, the first button in the dialog will be made the default.
			* '''<nowiki>-icon>iconImage</nowiki>''': Specifies an icon to display. IconImage must be one of the following: error, info, question or warning. If this option is not specified, then the info icon will be displayed.
			* '''<nowiki>-message>string</nowiki>''': Specifies the message to display in this message box.
			* '''<nowiki>-title>String</nowiki>''': Specifies a string to display as the title of the message box. The default value is an empty string.
			* '''<nowiki>-type>predefinedType</nowiki>''': Arranges for a predefined set of buttons to be displayed. The following values are possible for predefinedType:
			** '''<nowiki>abortretryignore</nowiki>''': Displays three buttons whose symbolic names are abort, retry and ignore.
			** '''<nowiki>ok</nowiki>''': Displays one button whose symbolic name is ok.
			** '''<nowiki>okcancel</nowiki>''': Displays two buttons whose symbolic names are ok and cancel.
			** '''<nowiki>retrycancel</nowiki>''': Displays two buttons whose symbolic names are retry and cancel.
			** '''<nowiki>yesno</nowiki>''': Displays two buttons whose symbolic names are yes and no.
			** '''<nowiki>yesnocancel</nowiki>''': Displays three buttons whose symbolic names are yes, no and cancel.

			Example
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			#!/usr/local/bin/perl
			use Tk;
			use strict;

			# Main Window
			my $mw = new MainWindow;
			my $button = $mw->Button(-text=>"Show Quit Dailog", -command => \&exitTheApp)->pack();

			sub exitTheApp {
			my $response = $mw -> messageBox(-message=>"Really quit?",-type=>'yesno',-icon=>'question');

			if( $response eq "Yes" ) {
			exit
			} else {
			$mw -> messageBox(-type=>"ok", -message=>"I know you like this application!");
			}
			}

			MainLoop;
			</syntaxhighlight>

			=== chooseColor ===

			chooseColor pops up a dialog box for the user to select a color.
			Some Options
			* '''<nowiki>-initialcolor>COLOUR</nowiki>''': Specifies the color to display in the color dialog when it pops up.


			=== getOpenFile ===

			The procedures getOpenFile and getSaveFile pop up a dialog box for the user to select a file to open or save. The getOpenFile command is usually associated with the Open command in the File menu. Its purpose is for the user to select an existing file only. If the user enters an non-existent file, the dialog box gives the user an error prompt and requires the user to give an alternative selection. If an application allows the user to create new files, it should do so by providing a separate New menu command.

			The getSaveFile command is usually associated with the Save as command in the File menu. If the user enters a file that already exists, the dialog box prompts the user for confirmation whether the existing file should be overwritten or not.

			Some Options
			* '''<nowiki>-initialdir=>DIRNAME</nowiki>''': Specifies that the directories in directory should be displayed when the dialog pops up. If this parameter is not specified, then the directories in the current working directory are displayed. If the parameter specifies a relative path, the return value will convert the relative path to an absolute path.
			* '''<nowiki>-defaultextension=>EXTENSION</nowiki>''': Specifies a string that will be appended to the filename if the user enters a filename without an extension. The default value is the empty string, which means no extension will be appended to the filename in any case.
			* '''<nowiki>-filetypes=>filePatternList</nowiki>''': If a File types listbox exists in the file dialog on the particular platform, this option gives the filetypes in this listbox. When the user choose a filetype in the listbox, only the files of that type are listed. If this option is unspecified, or if it is set to the empty list, or if the File types listbox is not supported by the particular platform then all files are listed regardless of their types. This is a little tricky - see manual for information.
			* '''<nowiki>-initialfile=>FILENAME </nowiki>''': pecifies a filename to be displayed in the dialog when it pops up.
			* '''<nowiki>-multiple</nowiki>''': Allows the user to choose multiple files from the Open dialog.

			=== Toplevel ===

			toplevel is a widget. This can be used to create custom dialog boxes. A toplevel is similar to a frame except that it is created as a top-level window: its X parent is the root window of a screen rather than the logical parent from its path name. The primary purpose of a toplevel is to serve as a container for dialog boxes and other collections of widgets. The only visible features of a toplevel are its background color and an optional 3-D border to make the toplevel appear raised or sunken.

			One can use toplevel to create new windows. The widgets can be packed inside it in the same way widgets are packed inside a frame. An example...

			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			#!/usr/local/bin/perl
			use Tk;
			# Main Window
			$mw = new MainWindow;

			my $lab = $mw -> Label(-text=>"This is the root window.",
			-font=>"ansi 12 bold") -> pack;
			my $but = $mw -> Button(-text=>"Click to Create Toplevel",
			-command=>\&makeTop) -> pack;

			MainLoop;

			#A function to make a toplevel window
			sub makeTop {
			my $top = $mw -> Toplevel(); #Make the window
			#Put things in it
			my $top_lab = $top -> Label(-text=>"This is the Toplevel window.",
			-font=>"ansi 12 bold") -> pack;
			my $txt = $top -> Text() -> pack;
			$txt -> insert('end', "Widgets can be packed in this window.");

			#An option to close the window.
			my $but_close = $top -> Button(-text=>"Close",
			-command => sub { destroy $top; } ) -> pack;
			}
			</syntaxhighlight>

			== Geometry Management : Grid, Pack ==

Didier : /* Canvas */

2013-04-16T09:10:44Z

Canvas

← Version précédente		Version du 16 avril 2013 à 09:10
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	=== Canvas ===		=== Canvas ===

			The canvas widget is a very important widget as all points are addressable graphical drawing area. Canvas widgets implement structured graphics. A canvas displays any number of items, which may be things like rectangles, circles, lines, and text. Items may be manipulated (e.g. moved or re-colored) and commands may be associated with items. So if you don't like the paint program in windows, you can make your own program using this widget.

			The command <tt>$widget -> create <type> <options></tt> is used to make different structures. A few examples are given below. For more information read the manual.
			Example
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			#!/usr/local/bin/perl
			use Tk;
			# Main Window
			my $mw = new MainWindow;

			my $cns = $mw -> Canvas(-relief=>"sunken", -background=>"blue");
			$cns -> create('polygon',5,100,50,5,150,5,200,100,5,100,
			-joinstyle=>"bevel", -fill=>"red", -outline=>"white", -width=>5);
			$cns -> create('oval',200,100,300,200, -fill=>"green");
			$cns -> create('oval',100,150,300,100, -fill=>"white", -width=>0);
			$cns -> create('rectangle',10,150,100,250, -dash=>[6,4,2,4,2,4]);
			$cns -> pack;

			MainLoop;
			</syntaxhighlight>

			=== Message ===

			A message is a widget that displays a textual string. Much like the label widget but this can be used to make a multi-line text.

			The -justify option specifies how to justify lines of text. Must be one of left, center, or right. Defaults to left. This option works together with the anchor, aspect, padX, padY, and width options to provide a variety of arrangements of the text within the window.

			=== Adjuster ===

			An adjuster acts like the frame widget - with one notable exception. The borders can be dragged and expended. This widget contains any number of panes, arranged horizontally or vertically, according to the value of the -orient option. Each pane contains one widget, and each pair of panes is separated by a movable sash. Moving a sash can be done by dragging it. This causes the widgets on either side of the sash to be resized.

			Some Options
			* '''<nowiki>-side=>DIRECTION</nowiki>''': Specifies the side on which the managed widget lies relative to the Adjuster. In conjunction with the pack geometry manager, this relates to the side of the master against which the managed widget and the Adjuster are packed. Must be left, right, top, or bottom. Defaults to top.

			Some Methods
			* '''<nowiki>$adjuster -> packAfter($widget, ?pack_options?)</nowiki>''': This command configures the Adjuster's -widget and -side options respectively to '$widget' and the -side value specified in pack_options (top if not specified). It then packs the Adjuster after '$widget', with -fill set to x or y as appropriate.
			Example
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			use Tk;
			use Tk::Adjuster;
			my $mw = new MainWindow;

			my $adj = $mw -> Adjuster();
			my $lst = $mw -> Listbox();
			$lst -> insert('end', "Item 1");
			$lst -> insert('end', "Item 2");
			$lst -> insert('end', "Item 3");
			$lst -> insert('end', "Item 4");
			$lst -> insert('end', "Item 5");

			my $txt = $mw -> Scrolled("Text",-scrollbars=>'e');
			$txt -> insert('end',"To Hack With It

			To Compute...
			Or Not To Compute...
			That Is The Question...
			Whether 'Tis Nobler In The Memory Bank..
			To Suffer The Slings And Circuits Of Outrageous Functions...
			...Or To Take Up Arms Against A Sea Of..Transistors,
			Or Rather Transponders...
			Transcondu--
			Trans...
			Er... Oh, To Hack With It.");


			my $side = "left";
			$lst -> pack(-side => $side, -fill => 'both', -expand => 1);
			$adj -> packAfter($lst, -side => $side);
			$txt -> pack(-side => $side, -fill => 'both', -expand => 1);

			MainLoop;
			</syntaxhighlight>

			=== Scrolled ===

			Scrolled is a derived widget that creates a widget with attached scrollbar(s). If you have tried to create a widget and attach scrollbars to it, you will doubtlessly understand the usefulness of this feature. It greatly reduces the number of code for these situations.
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			my $widget = $parent -> Scrolled('WIDGET' ?,-scrollbars=>WHERE? ?,...?);
			</syntaxhighlight>

			WIDGET can be any widget that supports scrolling. For example, Text, Listbox, etc.

			Some Options
			* '''<nowiki>-scrollbars => SIDE</nowiki>''': Expects as argument the position where the scrollbars should be created: w, e or n, s or a combination of them. If the one or both positions are prefixed with o the scrollbar will only show up if there is a 'real' need to scroll.

			Example:
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			use Tk;
			my $mw = new MainWindow;

			my $txt = $mw -> Scrolled('Text',-scrollbars=>"oe") -> pack;
			$txt -> insert('end',
			"Arthur: \"It's at times like this I wish I'd listened to my mother.\"
			Ford : \"Why, what did she say?\"
			Arthur: \"I don't know, I never listened.\"
			Douglas Adams");

			MainLoop;
			</syntaxhighlight>
			The same example using hand coded scrollbars.
			<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
			use Tk;
			my $mw = new MainWindow;

			my $textarea = $mw -> Frame();
			my $txt = $textarea -> Text(-width=>40, -height=>10);
			my $srl_y = $textarea -> Scrollbar(-orient=>'v',-command=>[yview => $txt]);
			my $srl_x = $textarea -> Scrollbar(-orient=>'h',-command=>[xview => $txt]);
			$txt -> configure(-yscrollcommand=>['set', $srl_y],
			-xscrollcommand=>['set',$srl_x]);
			$txt -> insert('end',
			"Arthur: \"It's at times like this I wish I'd listened to my mother.\"
			Ford : \"Why, what did she say?\"
			Arthur: \"I don't know, I never listened.\"
			Douglas Adams");

			#Geometry
			$txt -> grid(-row=>1,-column=>1);
			$srl_y -> grid(-row=>1,-column=>2,-sticky=>"ns");
			$srl_x -> grid(-row=>2,-column=>1,-sticky=>"ew");
			$textarea -> grid(-row=>1,-column=>1,-columnspan=>2);

			MainLoop;
			</syntaxhighlight>
			As you can see, the Scrolled widget saves quite a bit of typing.

			=== dialogs ===

Perl/Tutorial/Tk - Historique des versions

Didier : /* Canvas */

Didier : /* Optionmenu */

Didier : /* Menubutton */

Didier : /* Listbox */

Didier : /* Some Tk Commands */

Didier : /* Geometry Management : Grid, Pack */

Didier : /* chooseColor */

Didier : /* chooseColor */

Didier : /* dialogs */

Didier : /* Canvas */

Didier : /* Canvas */

Didier : /* Optionmenu */

Didier : /* Menubutton */

Didier : /* Listbox */

Didier : /* Some Tk Commands */

Didier : /* Geometry Management : Grid, Pack */

Didier : /* chooseColor */

Didier : /* chooseColor */

Didier : /* dialogs */

Didier : /* Canvas */